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\title{Lyis: \textit{Asimina triloba} \\\textbf{Pawpaw}}
\author{\small Nursery in Owen Sound, run by 
Andrii Logan Zvorygin a Ukrainian-Canadian \\
\includegraphics[width=1em]{hfoc/email-logo} lyis@liberit.ca 
\includegraphics[width=1em]{hfoc/www-logo} https://lyis.ca 
\includegraphics[width=1em]{hfoc/phone-logo} 226-537-0147 \\
\small
\includegraphics[width=1em]{hfoc/etsy-logo} LyisForestry 
   }
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% PAWPAW (Asimina triloba) – Integrated Flyer for 2-Year Potted Seedlings %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Introduction to \textit{Asimina triloba} (Pawpaw)}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\tableofcontents{}

\subsection{Description of the Plant}

\textit{Asimina triloba}, North America’s largest native tree fruit, is a pyramidal
understory tree 4–7 m tall.  Drooping, tropical-looking leaves (up to 30 cm)
turn golden in autumn, while maroon six-petalled flowers open before leaf-out
in late April–May (Ontario).  Oblong green fruit ripens September–October,
softening to reveal custard-like, banana–mango-flavoured flesh.

\subsection{Historical and Cultural Context}

Précieuse pour les nations autochtones et notée par les premiers explorateurs, la papaye était un  produit de base des frontières.

\subsection{Edible, Medicinal, and Ecological Value}

\textbf{Edible:}  Flesh contains \(\approx\)7 \% protein, vitamins C and B\(_6\),
potassium, and carotenoids.  Eat fresh or freeze purée for smoothies, custards,
or quick breads.

\textbf{Medicinal/Utility:}  Bark and twigs contain natural insecticidal
acetogenins; leaves host zebra swallowtail butterfly larvae, enhancing local
biodiversity.

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\subsection{Your Seedling: What to Do on Arrival}

You are receiving a \textbf{Pawpaw seedling} in a \textbf{250 mL or 500 mL deep
pot}.  Handle delicately—the tap-root must remain undisturbed.

\begin{enumerate}
  \item \textbf{Unpack \& Hydrate}  
        \begin{itemize}
          \item Stand pot upright immediately; water until drainage appears.
        \end{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Up-Pot Within 7 Days}  
        \begin{itemize}
          \item Slide root plug intact into a \textbf{2 L tall tree pot}
                (≈7 cm wide × 25 cm deep).  
          \item Medium: 60 \% aged pine bark fines + 40 \% peat/coir (pH 5.5–6.5).  
          \item Water-in with 5 mL diluted fish emulsion (5-1-1).
        \end{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Light}  
        \begin{itemize}
          \item Maintain \textbf{30–50 \% shade} first summer; avoid hot black
                pots in direct sun.
        \end{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Watering}  
        \begin{itemize}
          \item Keep medium evenly moist (1–2 L per watering, 2–3× weekly in
                heat).  Do not allow to dry out.
        \end{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Fertiliser}  
        \begin{itemize}
          \item Mid-summer: top-dress 100 mL finished compost.  No high-N
                synthetics.
        \end{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Next Spring (Year 3)}  
        \begin{itemize}
          \item Shift to a \textbf{7 L tall pot} \emph{or} plant in ground once
                stem ≥ 8 mm diameter and ≥ 40 cm tall.
        \end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

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\section{Seedling Pot-Up Strategy (Years 1-3)}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item \textbf{Year 0–1: Germination Tube (0.7 L)} — 40–50 \% shade; keep 22–25 °C.
  \item \textbf{Year 2: 2 L Tall Pot} — Light fish-emulsion feed; partial shade.
  \item \textbf{Year 3: 7 L Tall Pot \emph{or} Ground} — Harden to full sun; install deer guard.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Planting Outdoors (Year 3 or 4)}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item \textbf{Site} — Full sun for fruiting; moist, well-drained loam, pH 5.5–7.0.
  \item \textbf{Spacing} — 4–5 m between trees in rows 5–6 m apart.
  \item \textbf{Hole Prep} — 50 cm × 40 cm; mix back-fill with 5 L compost + 250 mL rock phosphate.
  \item \textbf{Planting} — Set root flare at soil level; water 10 L.  Provide 50 \% shade screen first summer.
  \item \textbf{Pollination} — Pawpaws are \textit{self-incompatible}; plant at least two unrelated trees within 15 m.  Hand-pollinate if yields are low.
  \item \textbf{Mulch} — 8 cm wood chips in 1 m ring, keep 10 cm clear of trunk.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Winterizing Potted Pawpaws}

Pawpaws (\textit{Asimina triloba}) are hardy to Zone 5 and can survive outdoor winters when planted in the ground. However, young trees grown in pots are much more vulnerable to cold damage due to exposed roots and limited insulation.

\subsection*{Why Winterize?}
Pawpaw roots are sensitive to freezing, especially in small containers. Protecting potted trees through winter is essential for survival and healthy spring regrowth.

\subsection*{Overwintering Options}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Fridge, Unheated Garage or Shed:} Move pots to an unheated, sheltered space (e.g., garage, shed, root cellar) where temperatures stay between \(-5\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\) and \(5\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\). Avoid spaces that get too warm or too dry.
  
  \item \textbf{Bury the Pot:} Sink the entire pot into the ground in a protected area (e.g., next to a building or under mulch). Cover the soil surface with straw or leaves to insulate against deep freezes.
  
  \item \textbf{Insulate Above Ground:} Wrap the pot with layers of insulating material such as bubble wrap, foam, or straw bales. Group several pots together for shared warmth and wind protection.

  \item \textbf{Keep Dormant:} Pawpaws lose their leaves and go dormant in late autumn. During dormancy, they require no light and only minimal watering—just enough to keep the soil from drying out completely.

  \item \textbf{Avoid Basement Heat:} Do not overwinter in a heated basement or living space. Warm indoor temperatures can confuse the plant’s dormancy cycle and reduce vigor.

\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Watering During Dormancy}
Check soil every few weeks. If the top 2–3 cm is bone dry, give a small amount of water. Do not allow the pot to become soggy or freeze while wet.

\subsection*{When to Bring Out}
Move potted pawpaws back outdoors in early spring, once the risk of deep frost has passed (typically mid-April to early May in Grey-Bruce). Resume regular watering as buds swell.



\section{Ongoing Care}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item \textbf{Watering} — 15 L week\(^{-1}\) during dry spells first two years.
  \item \textbf{Fertilisation} — From year 3, apply 100 g balanced organic fertiliser per trunk-cm each March.
  \item \textbf{Pruning} — Minimal; remove crossing branches in late winter.
  \item \textbf{Shade Transition} — Reduce shade gradually; full sun by year 3 for best fruit.
  \item \textbf{Protection} — Use 1.5 m tree guards against deer browse.
\end{enumerate}

\end{multicols}
\section{Pollination}

\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{hfoc/2025-pawpaw-pollination.png}

\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{hfoc/2025-pawpaw-pollination-companion.png}

\begin{multicols}{2}

\section{Harvesting and Storage}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Ripening} — Late Aug–Oct; fruit soft, fragrant, and detaches easily.
  \item \textbf{Shelf Life} — 3–4 days room temp; 7–10 days at 1 °C.  Purée freezes 12 + months.
\end{itemize}

\section{Propagation Notes}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Seed} — Stratify 90 days at 4 °C; sow 2 cm deep.  Germination 70–90 \%.
  \item \textbf{Grafting} — Whip-and-tongue onto 1-year seedlings in May for named cultivars.
\end{itemize}

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\end{multicols}
\subsection*{Quick Potting Timeline}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Current Pot} & \cellcolor{gray!15}\textbf{Immediate Action} & \textbf{12-Month Goal}\\ \hline
250 mL or 500 mL & Up-pot to \textbf{2 L tall} & Shift to \textbf{7 L tall} \emph{or} plant out\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\begin{multicols}{2}

\section{Summary}

Suivez le programme simple de culture en pot, gardez les racines fraîches et humides et plantez au moins deux paumelles génétiquement distinctes pour la pollinisation croisée.  Avec des soins patients, votre plant de pépinière vous récompensera avec une végétation luxuriante et une chair sucrée à la crème fruitée en 5 à 7 ans - apportant une touche des tropiques à votre jardin de l'Ontario.

\end{multicols}



\end{document}

